Mugdock Country Park & Kilpatrick Hills, East & West Dunbartonshire

I'm not usually a twitcher, but repeated sightings of a Great Grey Shrike at Craigallian Loch over the last few weeks proved too much to resist!

My dad and I caught a train from Dalmuir to Milngavie, walked through Mugdock Country Park to Craigallian Loch and then walked back to Duntocher (via Burncrooks Reservoir, Duncolm and the Greenside).

We saw a pair of Treecreepers as we walked through the soaking wet woodland in Mugdock Country Park. Near Craigallian Loch we saw a male Kestrel hunting and heard a Tawny Owl hooting.

Clouds of mist and rain drifted through the trees and the valley echoed with the drumming of Great Spotted Woodpeckers. On the loch there were groups of Tufted Duck and Goosander.
We wandered along the path, fruitlessly scanning every fencepost and scrubby tree for the shrike. As we waited, a Green Woodpecker landed clumsily atop a nearby pine.

Disappointingly, the shrike never made an appearance.

On the way home, at Edenmill Farm, we saw a large flock of Goldfinches and a ploughed field full of Lapwings - their zipping calls are like radios tuning.

Greenside Reservoir

Above the Greenside looking towards Duncolm

By the side of the burn flowing into the Greenside, I found the inedible Twisted Deciever (Laccaria tortilis) growing on a mossy boulder.

Twisted Deciever (Laccaria tortilis)

Twisted Deciever (Laccaria tortilis)

Twisted Deciever (Laccaria tortilis)

Twisted Deciever (Laccaria tortilis)

Twisted Deciever (Laccaria tortilis)

Twisted Deciever (Laccaria tortilis)

Twisted Deciever (Laccaria tortilis)

Twisted Deciever (Laccaria tortilis)

 

Kilpatrick Hills, West Dunbartonshire

Today I walked from Duntocher to the Mohican Woods, over the Slacks and to The Test marsh. It didn't rain but the sky was darkly overcast and snow survives in colder hollows on the hills.

Below the Mohican Woods I disturbed a group of Roe Deer (two hinds and a buck) which were grazing along the forest edge. The two hinds - with flared white rumps - disappeared deep into the undergrowth, but the buck only retreated a little way into the trees.
I lay down on the ground, making myself as unhuman-like as possible. A few seconds later, the buck re-emerged and high-stepped towards me cautiously, until the shutter of my camera startled him back into the forest.

Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) male

Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) male

Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) male

Roe Deer are Britain's smallest native deer, weighing only 10-25kg, and are the only hooved mammals which exhibit delayed implantation: an egg fertilized during the summer doesn't begin development until January.


This male has 3-pronged antlers which means he's at least 3 years old. The furry 'velvet' covering his antlers supplies blood to the antlers as they grow and will be shed within a few weeks.

Mohican Woods

Scottish Blackface Sheep

Snow-melt puddles littered the moorland on the Slacks. The only signs of life were a pair of Red Grouse (Lagopus lagopus) which exploded loudly from the heather.

The Test marsh

In the rocky moorland to the north-east of the Test, a Brown Hare leapt up and sprang like a gazelle over the heather.

It left behind a pile of fresh droppings:

Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus) droppings

Bombhole near the Test (OS map ref. NS 476 741)

The Clydebank Blitz (13th & 14th March, 1941) left the Kilpatrick Hills pitted with bombholes and the odd piece of rusty bombshell can still be found lying on the moor.

Psathyrella sp. at Little Round Top Wood

Jackdaws (Corvus monedula)

Pairs of Jackdaws nest on every rooftop on my street, they walk the pavements and roads with a bobbing swagger and fill the air with their pleasant calls - an almost musical "chak!" - which gives them their onomatopoeic name.

Kilpatrick Hills, West Dunbartonshire

I went to the disused curling pond below the Mohican Woods to look for mating Common Frogs (Rana temporaria) - I normally miss them due to the miserable February weather.

Mohican Woods

Mohican Woods

Ferns in the Mohican Woods

No frogs at the curling pond, but I did find a large clump of frogspawn.

Common Frog (Rana temporaria) eggs

Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum)

Red Elder (Sambucus racemosa) bud

Coral Spot (Nectria cinnabarina) - conidial state

Yellow Brain fungus (Tremella mesenterica)

Yellow Brain fungus (Tremella mesenterica) was growing profusely on bare Gorse branches near Little Round Top Wood. This fungus is an obligate parasite on other fungi (Periophora sp.).

Hazel (Corylus avellana) catkins (the male flowers)

Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus)

At Little Round Top Wood, on a massive toppled Ash tree, I found some Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus). These are the oyster mushrooms encountered in supermarkets and are amongst the best edible wild mushrooms (in my opinion, better-tasting than the bland 'table mushrooms').

Oyster Mushrooms contain lovastatin, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor which lowers cholesterol levels (high cholesterol is a major cause of cardiovascular disease).

Pleurotus species are both saprotrophic and carnivorous - they feed by secreting digestive enzymes from a microscopic network of 'roots' known as hyphae which digest rotting wood and nematode worms (which are first paralysed by a secreted toxin and then digested alive from the inside by hyphae which enter orifices).

Dalmuir Golf Course, West Dunbartonshire

Dalmuir Golf Course is actually a great place to see wildlife, including Great Spotted Woodpeckers, Roe Deer, Dippers, Kingfishers and Barn Owls (the latter two species are scarce in this county).

Mixed planted woodland and remnants of native, broad-leaved 'bluebell woodland' surround the golf course which is crossed by the Duntocher Burn.

Beech (Fagus sylvatica)

Beech (Fagus sylvatica)

Crisp Beech leaves the colour of fox fur clung to nearly-bare branches and the forest floor was carpeted with glossy-leaved Ivy which creeped up trees and formed a viney lattice around their trunks.

Flocks of Redwing and Fieldfare shifted secretively between the trees and we saw mixed groups of Blue Tits, Great Tits, Long-tailed Tits and Goldcrests in the tree-tops.

Fox (Vulpes vulpes) - dead

The dead Fox we found in the leaf litter, its body frozen stiff, seemed in otherwise healthy condition - no visible disease, injuries or bullet wounds. However, I couldn't shake the feeling that it had been killed by human hands...

Orange Ladybird (Halyzia 16-guttata)

Orange Ladybirds (Halyzia 16-guttata) are herbivores (unlike most ladybirds), feeding on mildews (fungi of the order Erysiphales, which grow on leaves). They are found in deciduous woodland and are often active at night, when they are frequent visitors to lighted windows.

This species can be distinguished from other white-spotted ladybirds by its very bright orange colouration, 12-16 white spots on the elytra and by its unspotted, semi-translucent pronotum.

Ivy (Hedera helix) on Lime tree (Tilia sp.)

Ivy (Hedera helix) on Lime tree (Tilia sp.)

Kilpatrick Hills, West Dunbartonshire

It snowed heavily from the end of November to mid December, when I was still in Dundee.
Snow ploughs heaped the deep snow from the roads onto the narrow pavements where it froze into impassable mountains of ice. Icicles half a metre long, like glass swords, hung from rooftops and windows (the government even issued warnings, in case anyone should be impaled by falling icicles). Temperatures dropped to -16 degrees centigrade and record numbers of Waxwings surged to our country, driven by the harsh weather conditions.

By the time I returned to Duntocher for Christmas, the weather had mildened and the snow mostly melted. I went for a short walk up to the Test with my parents in the afternoon.

Fields near Duntocher

Erskine Bridge

Above Little Round Top wood we put up a Woodcock which had been resting in the rushes.

Fieldfares congregated with Wood Pigeons on the fields around Little Round Top and flitted in vast numbers through the dark tangle of Blackthorn bushes. We caught a glimpse of a Sparrowhawk gliding between the trees, sending the panicked Fieldfares scattering.

I found a dead Common Shrew which had evidently been caught by a predator and then discarded as distasteful.

Common Shrew (Sorex araneus) - dead

Tobermory to Ardmore Bay, Isle of Mull

To complete our wildlife-watching trip, my dad and I walked Mull's northern coast looking for the UK's largest bird of prey: the White-tailed Eagle.

In 1975, White-tailed Eagles were successfully reintroduced to the Isle of Rum after being persecuted to extinction in the UK by 1916. Now there are 52 pairs breeding on the West Coast of Scotland, with around 15 of those nesting on the Isle of Mull.

We followed the main road that leads from Tobermory to Sorne, until we reached the turn-off for the Ardmore forest track, which took us straight to Ardmore.

To the left of the track there are forestry commission pines and to the left, remnants of the original boggy moorland. Amongst the bog myrtle, bog asphodel and heather, I found some peaty pools swarming with Black Darters.

Black Darter (Sympetrum danae) immature male

Black Darter (Sympetrum danae) mature male

Black Darters (Sympetrum danae) are amongst the last dragonflies to emerge (mostly in August). Females and immature males are tawny yellow with eyes that are rusty-orange and green bicoloured. Like a banana skin, the male's integument darkens gradually, the black markings grow until his whole body (and eyes) are jet black.

In Scotland there are 3 species of heather: Bell Heather (Erica cinerea), Ling (Calluna vulgaris) and Cross-leaved Heather (Erica tetralix). Here's how to tell them apart:

Bell Heather (Erica cinerea)

Bell Heather (Erica cinerea) old flowers

Bell Heather (Erica cinerea) has the darkest, most purple flowers which are distinctly bell-shaped. The pine-needle-like leaves are a dark glossy green.

Ling (Calluna vulgaris)

Ling (Calluna vulgaris) has tiny pink flowers which are NOT bell-shaped. The leaves are dark glossy green, very short and closely-packed.

Cross-leaved Heather (Erica tetralix)

Cross-leaved Heather (Erica tetralix) has large, pink, bell-shaped flowers which are clustered at the top of each stem. The leaves are a similar to those of Bell Heather but are covered with tiny hairs - giving them a greyish appearance.

Wild Angelica (Angelica sylvestris)

Knapweed (Centaurea nigra)

Bramble (Rubus fruticosus)

Bog Myrtle (Myrica gale)

Bog Myrtle (Myrica gale) is an unusual plant: a sweetly aromatic, waxy-leafed, dwarfed tree (of the Order Fagales which includes Birches and Beeches) with symbiotic Frankia bacteria in its root nodules which fix nitrogen into the soil, enabling it to grow in nutrient-poor bogs.
These peculiar mini-trees are dioecious, which means that each individual is either male or female and that both sexes are required for reproduction.

The richly resinously perfumed leaves were once used to flavour beer and soups (Bog Myrtle is abortifacient and should NOT be consumed by pregnant women!).

Candles can be made from the fragrant wax obtained by boiling the leaves/fruit and skimming off the floating waxy layer.

Bog Myrtle leaves contain insect-repellent compounds and have been used for centuries to ward off the formidable Scottish midge (which, from my own experience, is completely undeterred by DEET strong enough to melt plastic in seconds!).

Rosebay Willowherb (Epilobium angustifolium)

Sneezewort (Achillea ptarmica)

Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia)

Along the forest track to Ardmore Bay, we saw numerous butterflies: Common Blues, Speckled Woods, Dark Green Fritillaries, Scotch Argus and Graylings.

Dark Green Fritillary (Argynnis aglaja)

Dark Green Fritillary (Argynnis aglaja)

Named after the Latin word for 'dice-box' (fritillus), the fritillary 'group' of butterflies have bright orange uppersides with delicate black chequering. The undersides of the Dark Green Fritillary's wings are mossy green with silver spots.

Grayling (Hipparchia semele)

Grayling (Hipparchia semele)

The Grayling is a coastal butterfly with stony-grey undersides to its wings. This species always rests with wings closed and the rich brown uppersides of its wings are rarely seen.

Scotch Argus (Erebia aethiops)

In Britain & Ireland, the Scotch Argus' distribution is restricted to Scotland and 2 locations in Northern England.
Its scientific name describes its dark chocolate colouration: Erebia = from Erebus, the Greek god of darkness, and aethiops = Ethiopian.

Speckled Wood (Pararge aegeria)

Curiously absent from most of central Scotland, the Speckled Wood is a butterfly of woodland habitats and is the only British butterfly known to overwinter in both larval and pupal stages.

At Ardmore we found a group of abandoned cottages, their derelict gardens overgrown with raspberry and fuschia.

We followed a track down to Ardmore Bay; a sheltered, rocky shore preceded by rough grassland and heather; where we had lunch at a picnic table.

Creeping Willow (Salix repens)

Devil's-bit Scabious (Succisa pratensis)

Grass of Parnassus (Parnassia palustris)

Grass of Parnassus (Parnassia palustris)

Grass of Parnassus (Parnassia palustris)

Grass of Parnassus (Parnassia palustris)

Grass of Parnassus (Parnassia palustris)

Heath Pea (Lathyrus linifolius)

Heath Pea (Lathyrus linifolius)

As we were sitting at the Ardmore Bay picnic table, we watched the skies: a Buzzard soared over, mobbed by a pair of Ravens. A shortwhile later, another (more distant) bird of prey appeared, soaring with broad, fingered wings and a wedge-shaped tail...our first White-tailed Eagle!

These 'flying barn doors' weigh up to 5.5kg with a wingspan of 2.2 metres.

White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla)

White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla)

On the coastal path at Ardmore Bay we found a dead Slow-worm (Anguis fragilis), fragile indeed, it appeared to have been pecked to death whilst basking on the path and heavily pregnant (these leg-less lizards give birth to gold-striped live young).

Slow-worm (Anguis fragilis)

Slow-worm (Anguis fragilis)

Slow-worm (Anguis fragilis) dorsal surface

Slow-worm (Anguis fragilis) dorsal surface

Slow-worm (Anguis fragilis) ventral surface

Larch Ladybird (Aphidecta obliterata)

I searched along crumbling walls and bracken for further Slow-Worms and emerged unsuccessful, my clothes covered in hundreds of tiny ticks. Turning my attention to the shore, I hunted the rock pools and caught some interesting creatures.

Goose Barnacle (Lepas pectinata) spinose form

Goose Barnacle (Lepas pectinata) spinose form

The strange lifeform above is the 'spinose variety' of the Goose Barnacle Lepas pectinata. Astonishinly, it may have floated all the way from the Americas in a margarine tub (via the Gulf Stream). It is a tropical species, unsuited to our winters and destined to perish - I pushed its plastic vessel back out to sea, though I doubt it will be making a return journey.

Sea Gooseberry (Pleurobrachia pileus)

Sea Gooseberries or Comb Jellies are not jellyfish (phylum Cnidaria), belonging instead to the phylum Ctenophora. They are pelagic hunters of zooplankton and move using 8 rows of beating cilia (combs of tiny hairs) which give these otherwise translucent animals a shimmering, rainbow-sheen.

This species has a long pair of tentacles covered with colloblasts (sticky cells) which it uses to trap prey and can be retracted into the body cavity (which my specimen seems to have done).

Pleurobrachia pileus, like most ctenophores, is a hermaphrodite and normally reaches peak numbers from October to November.

Strigose Squat Lobster (Galathea strigosa)

Strigose Squat Lobster (Galathea strigosa)

Strigose Squat Lobster (Galathea strigosa)

Strigose Squat Lobster (Galathea strigosa)

Strigose Squat Lobster (Galathea strigosa)

I managed to find a white plastic tub amongst the flotsam which provided an excellent clean background for photography and enabled me to use flash to bring up the detail & colours.

Squat Lobsters are actually more closely related to Porcelain Crabs and Hermit Crabs than true Lobsters.
The Strigose Squat Lobster's genus name Galathea, refers to the sea-nymph Galatea from Ovid's Metamorphoses and strigosa means 'a row of grain' (Latin), describing the animal's bristle-covered carapace.

Goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea)

Goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea)

Goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea)

Goldenrod has been used for centuries to treat a range of ailments including urinary tract infections, skin wounds/bleeding, skin infections, whooping cough and influenza. Its leaves contain antifungal saponins and anti-inflammatory phenolic glycosides, and are mildly diuretic.

The flowers also yield a rich, golden-yellow dye.

Dyeing with Goldenrod:

Sheepy Hollow Farm Life - how to make Goldenrod dye & the effects of adding alum, iron etc on the colour.

Our Little Nature Nest - how to make Goldenrod dye.

Wild Colours - useful tips for dyeing with Goldenrod.

Hi There Hammy - photos of Goldenrod-dyed yarns with and without mordants.

Ardmore Lighthouse solar panels

We followed a path from Ardmore Lighthouse back into the forest. On the brackened hill above the sea I found a furry, orange-striped Fox Moth caterpillar.

Palmate Newt (Lissotriton helveticus)

Palmate Newt (Lissotriton helveticus)

Raven (Corvus corax)

Raven (Corvus corax)

Large Black Slug (Arion ater) brown form

Flocks of Swallows attended the open water tanks at a waste processing plant outside Tobermory - fattening themselves up and moulting into fresh new plumage in preparation for their journey back to Africa.

Swallows (Hirundo rustica)

Swallows (Hirundo rustica)

Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)

Another wildplant with medicinal properties, Purple Loosestrife contains antimicrobial compounds (such as vescalagin), is styptic (stops bleeding) and strongly astringent (>10% tannin content).

Being non-toxic, it was traditionally used internally to treat diarrhoea, dysentery, enteritis and excessive menstruation. Externally, it can be used to treat wounds and impetigo.